Research quality depends on a clear question, appropriate methods and consistent review throughout implementation. The approach is tailored to the study objectives, population and operational context.
Study design and sampling
Define the research questions and analytical framework, select quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods, and document the sampling approach and its limitations.
Tools and field preparation
Develop and review instruments, pilot them where appropriate, and prepare field teams on the study protocol, participant communication and recording requirements.
Data quality and analysis
Review completeness and consistency, document cleaning decisions, and apply analysis appropriate to the study design. Findings should distinguish observed patterns from causal claims and acknowledge uncertainty.
Reporting and responsible practice
Reports explain the methodology, results and limitations in accessible language. Participation arrangements, confidentiality and data handling are addressed in the study-specific protocol.